All Hallows Staining And Star Alley

If you are in the vicinity of Fenchurch Street and head down Mark Lane, a short distance along you will see a church tower standing alone, surrounded by modern buildings that are significantly taller than this relic of a much earlier time. This is all that remains of the church of All Hallows Staining.

My father photographed the church tower in 1948:

All Hallows Staining

Seventy years later in 2018 I took the following photo of the tower of All Hallows Staining:

All Hallows Staining

Both photos were taken from Dunster Court, the street that runs from Mark Lane to Mincing Lane, running past the Clothworkers Hall.

The exterior of the tower is much the same in both photos, however since 1948 the windows and entrance arches have been in filled with glass and wooden doors, and there is a roof to the top of the tower.

The 1948 photo gives the impression that as with many City churches, this was all that remained following wartime bombing, however for All Hallows Staining, this was not the case as by the start of the last war, All Hallows Staining had already been reduced to just the tower for some years.

The immediate area of the church does show though, the level of general debris that could be found across the post war City.

In front of the tower in the 1948 photo is a large wooden cross. After the war a temporary church was set up adjacent to the tower to provide a temporary place of worship following the destruction of the nearby St. Olave in Hart Street.

This is the view of the tower from Mark Lane. This space was once occupied by the body of the church.

All Hallows Staining

A wider view from Dunster Court showing how the surrounding buildings now tower over the remains of All Hallows Staining.

All Hallows Staining

The building on the left of the above photo is the hall of the Clothworkers’ Company. The Hall was severely damaged during the war, and was in the gap on the extreme left of the 1948 photo. The Clothworkers’ lost a significant amount of historic items including the loss of their library.

The Clothworkers’ Company have taken on the maintenance of the tower and crypt of All Hallows Staining. The arms of the Clothworkers’ can be found on the pillars between the old churchyard and Dunster Court.

All Hallows Staining

The tower of All Hallows Staining is very different to the majority of the City churches which typically have a steeple or spire and conform to the style introduced by Wren during the post Great Fire rebuild of the City churches.

This difference in style indicates the age of the church and that it is a survivor from before the Great Fire of 1666.

Writing in his book “London”, George Cunningham describes All Hallows Staining as “one of the earliest London churches to be built of stone – possibly the very first – and if so it must have dated from very early times. The church is first mentioned in 1335, and the tower dates from about a century later. Although the church escaped the Fire in 1666, it fell down in 1671; rebuilt 1673. but removed except for the tower in 1870.”

The information plaque in frount of the church attributes the collapse of the main body of the church to the weakening of the foundations due to the large number of burials in the churchyard.

In the Pevsner guide to the City of London, All Hallows Staining is described “Pulled down in 1870 except for the humble and much-restored medieval tower. The church is recorded by the late 12th century. The tower’s lowest stage may be of this date, though the earliest firmly datable feature is the early cinquefoiled two-light west window. The northwest stair turret, late 14th or 15th century seems formerly to have extended to a vanished top stage.”

Writing in “London Churches Before The Great Fire”, (1917) Wilberforce Jenkinson describes All Hallows Staining:

“Of All Hallows Staining, Stow writes:

‘commonly called Stane Church (as may be supposed) for a difference from other Churches, which of old were builded of timber’,

but the explanation is not very satisfactory. He says of a street called Stayning Lane that it was so called of Painter Stainers dwelling there, and that the small Church of St. Mary Stayning took its name from the Lane. Mr. Kingsford, Stow’s latest editor, thinks the name is explained by a reference to the ancient ‘parochia de Stanenetha’ (Stonehithe). Stow adds that most of the ‘fayre monuments of the dead were pulled downe and swept away and that the Churchwardens accounts shewed 12 shillings for brooms’. At the present time all that is left of this church, viz. the square stone tower and part of the churchyard, can be seen from Star Court, Mark Lane.

It would appear that the church was built before 1291. According to the London Register, which commenced in 1306, the first rector was Edward Camel, who died in 1329. The church was not burnt in the Great Fire, although the flames approached very nearly, but not long after the main part of the church fell suddenly. It was rebuilt (in part) at the beginning of the eighteenth century. Portions of the old church remained, for a drawing by West engraved by Toms in 1736, shows the old tower and a portion of the church having a Gothic style window of the decorated period.”

The drawing mentioned by Jenkinson by West and engraved by Toms is shown below:

All Hallows Staining

The drawing shows a rustic view of the church with a rather empty churchyard. The enlarged, rounded corner of the church tower (which presumably enclosed spiral stairs leading up to the roof of the tower) is still to be seen and means that we can locate the position of the artist who was in the south west corner of the churchyard. The main body of the church is heading east from the tower towards Mark Lane.

The text at bottom right of the drawing also states the source of Stayning to be from Stone Church to distinguish the church from other wooden churches. The text also records that “John Costyn who died so long ago as 1244 left 100 quarter of Charcoal yearly to ye Poor of the Parish for ever.” Looking around at the buildings in the vicinity of All Hallows Stayning, I doubt there is anyone in need of Charcoal today.

Ten years after the above drawing of the church was completed, John Rocque published his map of London and the following extract shows the area, with the church shown just below the centre of the map:

All Hallows Staining

The map shows Fenchurch Street running west to east with Mincing Lane and Mark Lane running to the south. Just below Fenchurch Street and up against Mark Lane can be seen the church with the churchyard to the rear.

Star Alley is seen running alongside the churchyard before taking a sharp right turn at the end of the churchyard up to Fenchurch Street.

Between the churchyard and Mincing Lane is the Clothworkers Hall and Dunsters Court.

The area is still much the same. Star Alley continues to run alongside the old churchyard and takes a sharp turn up to Fenchurch Street. The Clothworkers’ Hall is still to be found along with Dunster Court to the south of the hall (the ‘s’ at the end of Dunsters appears to have been dropped).

The entrance gates to Dunster Court from Mincing Lane:

All Hallows Staining

The following view is of the north west corner of the tower showing the 14th or 15th century stair turret as described in the Pevsner guide.

All Hallows Staining

The photo was taken in Star Alley at the point where the alley makes a 90 degree bend towards Fenchurch Street.

From this point, a solitary grave can be seen in all that remains of the churchyard:

All Hallows Staining

The grave is from the 1790s (I could not make out the last digit) and is of John Barker, his wife Margaret and their son Robert.

It is always worthwhile looking at surrounding buildings. On walking into Star Alley from Mark Lane, I found the two tiles shown in the following photo stuck to the wall bordering Star Alley. No idea of what they mean, for how long or why they are there, but the tiles appear to be about the construction industry that is so much a part of the City.

All Hallows Staining

Star Alley runs alongside the old churchyard, and at the end of the churchyard it makes a 90 degree bend where it then runs through the surroundings buildings to Fenchurch Street. It is good to see that the exact alignment of Star Alley as shown in Rocque’s 1746 map has been retained.

All Hallows Staining

It is remarkable that the tower of All Hallows Staining has survived for so long without a functioning church. The tower, churchyard, Star Alley, Dunster Court and the Clothworkers’ Hall form a small City landscape that is the same as mapped in 1746 and may date back to around 1456 when the Shearmen (the predecessors of the Clothworkers’ Company) purchased the land in Mincing Lane.

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19 thoughts on “All Hallows Staining And Star Alley

  1. Nicole Reilly

    As someone who frequently works with Lloyd’s of London insurers, I know this area well and enjoyed learning more about its history in this post. I use my lunchtime breaks to walk the area but even I hadn’t noticed the remaining grave or wall tiles!

    Reply
  2. Ursula Jeffries

    Wonderful images once again showing the strange jigsaw we have in the city. I really appreciate the mixture of nostalgia and modern views which reflects the way I see London.

    Reply
  3. Alan Huntley

    I used to walk there virtually every day for over 20 years but never took the time to slow down and actually LOOK at what I was passing. Too busy lugging my claim files from one insurer to another! What a revelation, I have certainly learnt something and always find your City posts most interesting. Keep up the good work.

    Reply
  4. Mike Kay

    David, your father’s picture shows a relatively handsome building in the background top left. I’d love to know what it was.. but presumably sacrificed to make room for Minster Court – which itself is odd enough to perhaps repay some research sometime – even though it looks to be 80s construction to my untutored eye.

    Reply
  5. Geraldine Moyle

    Fascinating, David. Another little corner of London carefully excavated to show what layers the eye alone cannot see. Thank you so much.

    Reply
  6. Barbara Holland

    It’s interesting that just the one grave survived. I think that it may be that of John Barker rather than John Harker. I looked up the parish burial records on Ancestry for the 1790’s for All Hallows Staining and found an entry for John Barker who died at the age of 58 and was buried on 20th October 1796 in the Parish Vault. I could find no Harkers for the whole decade of the 1790s. There is also an entry for a Margaret Barker who died at the age of 81 and was buried on 8th April 1813 who might be his wife. She is recorded as living in Shoreditch Parish. I haven’t found their son Robert yet as there’s quite a long time span during which he might have died.

    Reply
    1. admin Post author

      Barbara, thank you very much for this. I went back to my photos and enlarged the detail and you are indeed right that the name is Barker rather than Harker. I will update the post. Robert died on April 10th, however I cannot make out the year or his age from the gravestone. Thanks again for your research.

      Reply
  7. Barbara Holland

    Robert Barker died in 1819 at the age of 43 and was buried on 15th April, so that ties in with his date of death being the 10th. His place of abode was recorded as St. Leonard Shoreditch.

    Reply
  8. John ward

    Great piece again!
    You have frequented this area a bit and I have a query you may be able to help me solve.
    There is an alleyway. That connects hart st with Fenchurch st.it roughly goes from near the Cheshire cheese pub and comes out right next to the east India pub and has the strange name of French ordinary court.
    How come such a name?
    Would be grateful to be enlightened.
    John ward

    Reply
    1. admin Post author

      Hi John, according to the Pevsner guide, French Ordinary Court is probably named after a 17th century tavern selling ‘ordinaries’ – meals served at a fixed time and price. Apparently the alignment is 15th century or older.

      Reply
  9. Chris Bond

    This is a wonderful post. There are now plans to redevelop the buildings all around it. The images show a much better environment for the tower with what looks like access into it too.

    Reply
  10. John

    I wonder if ‘Star Alley’ might reference The Star Inn or Tavern that I believe was on Fenchurch Street in Elizabethan times?

    Reply
  11. Rosalind

    I have recently discovered that my 4x great grandfather Thomas Harwood was a greengrocer at number 1 Star Alley. I believe he was a Freeman of the City of London as was his son William Harwood an Inn holder. I wonder if this could be The Star Inn but have no evidence of this.
    Such an interesting post and helpful to me in my research. Many thanks.

    Reply
  12. Bruce

    This is brilliant. My 7g grandparents were married in this church on 8th September 1720, so the drawing of the church by Toms just sixteen years later , together with the other information, really helps me to place them on that day. Thank you!

    Reply
  13. Stephen King

    All being demolished except the Tower, graves being removed to Essex. Further excavations once the old former Norwich Union Society building on the corner is demolished too. Clothworkers building going as well. Absolutely disgusting to disinter parishioners going back a thousand years! City of London Corporation shouldn’t have allowed this to ever happen, it’s so disrespectful to the deceased and their descendants. I saw it all today and could weep seeing archaeologists digging them all up!

    Reply
  14. Rosalind

    Thank you for this information. If you know anything further about their destination in Essex or find a list on graves or names, I should be very pleased as my 3x ggfather Thomas HARWOOD, greengrocer of 1 Star Alley is buried here as are other family members. He died in 1836.

    Reply
  15. Stephen King

    I was only passing and could see the tragedy unfolding before my eyes! The company carrying out the demolition is Keltbray. I asked someone what was happening and where were the deceased were going to be taken to. The reply was Essex.

    I suggest you start by contacting the Demolition arm of the company and ask more questions about where they will reinterred.

    enquiries@keltbray.com or phone:- 020 7643 1000

    Sorry I’m not in a position to assist further, so will leave you to pursue the matter direct with the company. Please publish your results on here as we’d all be interested to know where those poor lost souls to going to!

    Reply
    1. Rosalind

      Thank you so much for this information. I’ll certainly let you know if I find out anything useful.
      I have emailed the City of London Corporation although am not optimistic about a reply.
      Thanks too for the Parliament link.

      Reply

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