London Wall – A Location Shifting Historic Street

For this week’s post, I am back to tracing the locations of my father’s photos, and this photo dates from 1947. Locating the photo is helped by the street name, London Wall being displayed on one of the low walls built to separate street from bomb damaged buildings. Much of London Wall today is a very different place, not only with the buildings that line the street, but also the location of the street.

London Wall

This is roughly the same scene today, in 2020:

London Wall

There are a couple of features in the 1947 photo which help to confirm the location. I have ringed the first of these features in extracts from the 1947 and 2020 photos below:

London Wall

This feature can be found on top of the magnificent number 84 Moorgate, or Electra House, built in 1903 for the Eastern Telegraph and Allied Companies, one of the early telecommunications companies that built cable networks across the world.

London Wall

The two storey entrance to the building, with the dome at the top, and the feature that can be seen in my father’s 1947 photo.

London Wall

Above the main entrance is this magnificent coloured glass. A figure sits on top of the world, with a glowing orb above her head which sends rays across the seas, where a sailing ship and lighthouse can be seen. Eastern Telegraph was responsible for the installation and operation of a number of sub-sea communications cables that gradually connected the continents, so I suspect the glass mural in some way represented sub-sea cables shedding light across the world by providing the means for instant communications.

London Wall

The feature at the very top of Electra House, and visible from London Wall is in the photo below. For a company that was involved with technologies leading the global communications revolution, I was surprised to see the signs of the zodiac surrounding the world.

London Wall

The second feature that helped to identify the location is this two storey building seen at the end of the section of London Wall shown in the 1947 photo.

London Wall

Although only visible when you are near the building today, as new developments along London Wall have hidden the building from view along much of the street, the building still exists today.

It is the Armourers’ Hall of the Armourers and Brasiers’ Company, a rather nice Georgian building in the neo-Palladian style.  Due to new buildings, I could not photograph the Armourers’ Hall from the same direction as in my father’s photo, so this is the view looking across London Wall.

London Wall

The Armourers and Brasiers Company was formed in 1322 by a number of craftsman looking to maintain standards in the manufacturer or craft of armour.

London Wall

London Wall is two very different streets. The section of London Wall west of Moorgate is a wide dual carriageway, leading from the roundabout with the Museum of London at the centre at the junction with Aldersgate Street. East of the Moorgate junction, London Wall is a narrower street with many pre-war buildings still lining the street.

The following map shows the location of London Wall today, running left to right along the centre of the map, with the roundabout that forms the junction with Aldersgate Street on the left  (Map © OpenStreetMap contributors).

London Wall

The area between Moorgate and Aldersgate Street suffered terrible damage during the war. A large part would be redeveloped as the Barbican Estate, and a major change was made to London Wall. From just west of Moorgate, the road was diverted to a new southerly routing to a large new roundabout.

in the following map extract, the original route of London Wall can be seen coming from the right then moving diagonally up along the map. I have marked the first third with red lines.

London Wall

A third of the distance along, the new London Wall then takes a completely new direction, carving the new dual carriageway through a series of old streets and buildings, many of which had been badly damaged by wartime bombing.

The location of Armourers’ Hall is the green circle on the right. To the left, the red circle is the new roundabout that forms the junction with Aldersgate Street and is the location of the Museum of London. In the centre, there is another landmark that helps confirm the location. This is Brewers’ Hall, set back a short distance from London Wall, with the original, smaller hall shown as the blue oval in the above map.

London Wall

This new section of London Wall between Aldersgate Street and Moorgate Street was opened on the 7th July 1959. As the plaque shown in the following photo indicates, this was intended to be the first part of a major new traffic route through the City of London. A due carriageway providing a northern, east to west route, with the planned Upper and Lower Thames Street providing the southern, east to west route.

London Wall

The new dual carriageway would be lined with new office tower blocks, and the planned Barbican to the north would be the future of City residential living. This was how post war City planning was based on the assumption that car travel would be the future and City streets were needed that provided easier traffic flow, with pedestrian walkways above the streets separating pedestrians from traffic.

Fortunately, the full east and west extensions of the new London Wall did not get built, although part of the eastern stretch of the street was extended to dual carriageway, but not as drastically as the western section.

The differences between the two sections of London Wall can best be seen by taking a walk along the complete length of the street. This is the start, looking at the roundabout junction with Aldersgate Street, with part of the Museum of London in the centre of the street.

London Wall

From the junction with Aldersgate Street, we can look east along London Wall, a view which clearly shows a wide dual carriageway, designed to carry large amounts of traffic, quickly through the City.

London Wall

The buildings that line London Wall, and occupy space over the street are the second incarnation of office blocks along this street, having largely replaced the 1950s / 1960s office blocks that originally lined either side of London Wall.

London Wall was designed specifically for the car, and this can be seen both above and below ground.

Underneath London Wall is a large underground car park operated by the City of London. The car park runs for a large part of the new section of London Wall. The photo below was taken roughly underneath the lamp-post in the above photo.

London Wall

There is a section of the original London wall in the car park – a subject for another post.

The majority of the space either side of London Wall is occupied by gleaming new glass and steel office blocks. One exception are the ruins of the tower of the church belonging to the medieval hospital of Saint Elsyng Spital.

London Wall

The new office blocks that line London Wall are not just tall, they occupy large areas of land, and dwarf older building such as Brewers’ Hall which can be seen in the lower right of the following photo.

London Wall

The building in the following photo is the one that obscures the view of Armourers’ Hall, which is located just behind the building, where Coleman Street meets London Wall (although traffic access between the two streets is now blocked by a pedestrian route along London Wall).

London Wall

Nearing the junction of London Wall and Moorgate, where London Wall continues into the heart of the City as indicated by the gleaming towers in the background.

London Wall

From London Wall, we can look across to Moorgate, and set back from the road is this row of buildings, with a large pedestrian area and small green space between the buildings and London Wall, which help show how the area has changed.

London Wall

The building on the right of the terrace is a pub, the Globe, and this pub, and the other two buildings that make up this terrace can be seen in the map extract below.

London Wall

Credit: ‘Reproduced with the permission of the National Library of Scotland’ 

These buildings were originally on Fore Street, a street that once ran all the way up to St Giles Cripplegate. Fore Street has been shortened and blocked of by one of the new buildings alongside London Wall.

Fore Street ran just north of the original alignment of London Wall, and we can still walk part of the original route.

I have ringed a section of the original route of London Wall in the following map extract. Just above the word London, is a small space with the words London Wall.

London Wall

This is the section of Roman Wall in St Alphage Gardens, shown in the following photo:

London Wall

This section of wall helps explain why the street is called London Wall, as the street originally ran along the wall, just inside the City.

The following photo is looking west along what was the street London Wall, the section of wall at St Alphage Gardens can just be seen to the right.

London Wall

The following photo is looking along St Alphage Gardens, what was London Wall, from the junction with Wood Street.

London Wall

The above photo highlights one of the things I find fascinating about the city. Despite the amount of change, you can still trace out many lost streets, and although London Wall has been widened and moved to the south, we can still find the original junction with Wood Street and the original route down to Moorgate.

Returning now to the junction of London Wall and Moorgate, and the three houses on the left that once faced onto Fore Street, this is the old Fox umbrella shop.

London Wall

Now Grade II listed. Thomas Fox first opened an umbrella shop in Fore Street in 1868 and umbrellas were both made and sold on the premises for many years.

The wording below the FOX sign give an indication of the business at the site today, however Fox Umbrellas are still being made and sold from the company’s new location in Shirley, Croydon.

Now lets continue along the street, east of the Moorgate Junction, and this is the original London Wall with a much narrower street and still with many pre-war buildings. Thankfully the original scheme to extend the dual carriageway of the moved length of London Wall was never carried out in full.

London Wall

We have already seen the halls of the Armourers and Brasiers’ Company and the Brewers’ Company, and there is a third hall along London Wall. In the photo below, on the right, the building with the Corinthian Pillars is the hall of the Carpenters’ Company.

London Wall

The Carpenters’ have had their hall on this site in London Wall since 1429. The hall today is the third hall, as the previous hall had been badly damaged during the war.

On the opposite side of the street, old and new buildings sit on opposite corners.

London Wall

The building on the left in the above photo still has original London Wall street signs. Not sure of the exact age of these, but they must be pre-war.

London Wall

Just east of the Carpenters’ Hall, London Wall widens again from a single carriageway to a dual carriageway, as part of the scheme to create a major through route, however along this part of the street, the widening has not been as dramatic as on the section from Moorgate to Aldersgate Street,

Almost at the eastern end of London Wall is the church of All Hallows on the Wall, the name referencing the fact that the church is located up against the Roman wall, with the original church on the site being built on a bastion of the wall.

London Wall

The present church was built in 1767 to replace the earlier church which had become derelict. The church did suffer damage during the war, but was restored in the 1960s, and is now the Guild church of the Worshipful Company of Carpenters.

A short distance further east from the church, just by the green van and traffic lights in the above photo, London Wall comes to an end, where the road continues as Wormwood Street.

That completes a walk along London Wall. A historic street that originally followed the path of the Roman Wall, but now only does this for the eastern section up to Moorgate. Passing Moorgate, London Wall diverts to the south and becomes a large dual carriageway, reflecting the post-war view that city design had to accommodate the car.

However the magic of London is that we can still find the line of the original London Wall, and that these old routes and boundaries have been retained.

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19 thoughts on “London Wall – A Location Shifting Historic Street

  1. Annie Green

    Thank you for this. On a windy, grey and (probably) wet morning, it is a delight to take this walk, one of my favourites. I did it last year so I could check the site of the gate of the Roman fort in Wood Street and was quietly thrilled to find the site of what would have been Shakespeare’s parish church, now a tiny garden with a bench. When I first moved to London in 1977, this area looked very different, a lot of it still waste after the war but with bits of 60s building in place, including the high walkway above the road. It has always been a fine place to take a nosy stroll.

    Reply
  2. Lisa Vine

    Really interesting post….I know this area so well but had no idea that the western part of London Wall had been shifted south so dramatically. Your older maps and red line are real help in trying to discover where the pre-war roads ran and makes sense of the Roman fort remains. I walked along there last week…from Aldersgate it was often rather depressing till recently, but the new high walk by the Barbican has had a great makeover, as some of your photos show.

    Reply
  3. Moquette

    Fascinating – and a link to a very grainy screenshot that gives an idea of the post-war glory that was London Wall!

    https://www.flickr.com/photos/36844288@N00/33790321642/in/photolist-2iwhCGr-2i3RMZT-2i5mwja-2hcpSXA-2hcpTdA-TJEZ7C-2fesDJx-24BFhSK-2djJpD6-MU9SuY-24Xi3MS-TK1kNX-TtWeos-Sm9ozC-Q1Q5f3-NZCqJh-22A387A-L1Ws7m-JbWnLW-AZfKyq-qXwBwy-rMrKCY-r4KxJE-qjcQQu-ppmiHC-pHsiFw-2aXjWHW-defLhp-aozY5o-aozWiC-aj2grR-9UTKNn-84FZC9-9SzPfT-89T89P-9SCGMh-7eK7JC-74k1DB-6Cby4E-mVTdS8-pHoaxD-mLhzDa-deeGTP-9jzWvH-74Mbxk-Xz6swf

    Reply
    1. James Burke

      Great pic. That tall building looks like St Alphage House where I worked after leaving school in 1973. The opening sequence of the Simon Dee Show was filmed driving down there I believe around that time.

      Reply
  4. Simon Foley

    This is brilliant- thank you. One minor niggle: you imply that All Hallows on the Wall is a Guild church because of its connections with the Worshipful Company of Carpenters. A Guild church is simply one whose parochial responsibilities have been removed i.e. it no longer has a parish. This follows an Act of Parliament in 1952 and means that churches can address the unique nature of a Monday to Friday population in the City. Other Guild churches include St Mary Aldermary, St Lawrence Jewry and St Katherine Cree.

    Reply
    1. Bruce Fleming

      I’ve just read about the state of the Guild churches in 1958 in a book called The Virgin of Aldermanbury by Mrs Robert (Madeleine) Henrey. Very interesting and you can pick it up for about a fiver on Abebooks.

      Reply
  5. John James Carnaby

    What a great old photo of London Wall, this certainly brought back old memories of the area for me.
    In the 1960’s I carried out the plumbing installation on the first building, Austral House, to be built on London Wall (then called route 11), the builders were Myton. This was on the corner of and Coleman Street and also opposite Armourers and Brasiers Hall.
    When Austral House was almost finished, the first couple of hundred yards of the London Wall roadway (then Route 11) from the Moorgate end was officially opened by the Lord Mayor. I remember we all had seats on the scaffolding outside to watch the opening of the new roadway. Route 11 was designed to go straight through to the West End, but this was stopped at a later date and now ends at Aldersgate Street.
    Austral House has since been demolished and replaced with the offices of the Legal and General Group.

    Reply
    1. Pimlico Pete

      “Route 11 was designed to go straight through to the West End”

      Now that is a topic equally worthy of discussion and illustration.

      Reply
      1. John carnaby

        Yes, similar to the way Queen Victoria Street was made. A straight line …..and demolish everything that was in the way of the road. Luckily it didn’t’ take place.

        Reply
  6. Lynne

    That’s very interesting, I didn’t realise london wall was in a different place today.
    I remember the bomb ruins as a kid and I remember watching the barbican being built. Interesting, I need to read your piece again. Thanks.

    Reply
  7. Andy Fortune

    Another fascinating post.
    I was intrigued by the final photograph of All Hallows on the Wall, or rather the footbridge in the distance on which a Korean House appears to have crash landed – apparently an art installation called “Bridging Home” by artist Do Ho Suh. A closer look can be gained on Google Street View

    Reply
  8. Brendan Kavanagh

    Interesting that you mention “Fore Street.”
    Some thirty years ago, I worked as a motorcycle courier and found that Fore Street was almost completely unique in that, although it appeared on the maps, it wasn’t listed in the index in the London A to Z!

    Reply
  9. Brendan Kavanagh

    Interesting that you should mention “Fore Street.”
    Some thirty years ago, i worked as a motorcycle courier and discovered that Fore Street was somewhat unique in that, although it appeared on the maps, it wasn’t listed in the index of the London A to Z!

    Reply

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