The Royal Festival Hall – Dramatic Effects Of Space And Vista

I recently scanned some of my father’s photos which included the last photos he took in the early 1950s of the Royal Festival Hall. These photos show the area soon after the closure of the Festival of Britain when much of the infrastructure for the Festival was still in place.

At the end of this post I have put together a time sequence of photos of the site from 1947 through to 2015 showing the original site, during construction and photos taken in the early 1980s and 2015.

But first, the recently scanned photos, the first is of the Royal Festival Hall taken soon after closure of the Festival of Britain exhibition, from the footbridge alongside the Hungerford Railway Bridge.

Festival H4

And from the same location in April 2015:

Festival H6

The overall shape of the Royal Festival Hall is exactly as it was when first built, however there have been a number of cosmetic changes to the front with the middle tier window line now stretching across the full front of the hall and changes to the top tier with a balcony now between the glass and the front of the hall.

I planned to take the 2015 photo before the trees had come into leaf as when the leaves are fully grown the trees considerably obstruct the view of the hall. I was not early enough!

Please do not get me wrong, we do not plant enough trees, within the city and across the country, however there are some places where trees are in the wrong position. The Royal Festival Hall is, in my view, one of the very few buildings constructed soon after the last war that works well architecturally and is in the right location. The Royal Festival Hall was always designed to be seen from and across the River Thames and to provide views along to the City.

The trees in front of the building considerably obscure the building from the walkway across Hungerford Bridge and from the north bank of the Thames.

As the original Festival Guide stated:

“The Royal Festival Hall can claim to be a work of art in itself. The superb dramatic effects of space and vista, within the building and beyond it to the river and the city, are things which the visitor will discover for himself.”

Note also how in the original photo the Royal Festival Hall did not have any buildings in the background to detract from the view of the hall. A very different situation in 2015. To the right of the hall is the building that was the downstream building of Shell Centre, but has now been converted from offices to apartments. To the left is the Kent House Tower above the London TV Studios and behind that with the crane on the top is the South Bank Tower, again another building being converted from offices to apartments.

Walking a short distance further along the Hungerford footbridge, we can take a look down at the walkway in front of the Royal Festival Hall:

Festival H3

The poles are part of the decoration from the Festival of Britain. The photo also shows the observation platforms which I have heard of, but not seen photos of until scanning these negatives. There were six of these raised platforms extending just over the river wall and must have been a fantastic place to sit and view the surroundings.

At the far right of the photo is the Shot Tower, to the left can just be seen the walkway to the river pier, and in the distance is an excellent view over towards St. Paul’s Cathedral.

The view is very different in 2015:

Festival H7

The observation platforms are unfortunately long gone, and later replicas of the poles that can be seen in the original photo are just visible, however the view is considerably obstructed by the trees. Again, an example of why I would argue that this area of the Southbank is the wrong place for trees and their removal would open up both the view of the Royal Festival Hall and the views along the river and to the city.

The guide-book for the Festival of Britain shows the area in front of the Royal Festival Hall including the six observation platforms:

Festival H9

Walking almost to the end of the footbridge, we can look down and watch those out for a walk along the Southbank:

Festival H2

And the same location in 2015:

Festival H8

And a final view across to the Royal Festival Hall, with the Shot Tower on the left:

Festival H1

During the Festival, the Shot Tower had a Radio Telescope aerial mounted on the top. I had always assumed this was for decoration only, however the Festival Guide explains that it was a fully working system that would bounce radio signals off the moon, allowing visitors to see the time delay between the transmitted and reflected signal. The aerial system was mounted on a redundant gun mounting which could be moved to allow the aerial to track the moon.

From the Festival Guide Book:

“The Tower has been one of the landmarks of London since it was built-in 1826. It remains the only old building on the site, to serve as a beacon for the Festival. It is a beacon in two senses: it is a modern lighthouse with a double flashing beam welcoming visitors as far as 45 miles away when the weather is clear; it is a radio beacon directing radio signals to the moon and beyond into space.

The lighthouse mounted at the top will flash from sunset to Exhibition closing time. It has a power of 3 million candles. It is of the most modern all-electric design and so takes up far less space than the older types which needed weighty lenses to intensify the beam. The light itself comes from a lamp of three thousand watts; an automatic device ensures that a second lamp can swing into position should it fail. This lighthouse optic is the work of Chance Brothers Ltd., who made all the glass for the original Crystal Palace a hundred years ago.

The radio beam is above the lighthouse optic. The most obvious part of it is a large reflector which beams the signal from the aerial within it on to the moon. This is part of the radio telescope and is connected with the display in the Dome of Discovery by underground cable. In the Dome visitors can transmit signals to the moon and actually see them reflected back to the earth after about two and a half seconds.”

This was 64 years ago and I wonder if our public demonstration of science has progressed much since.

The following is from the Festival Guide and shows the detail of the top of the Shot Tower. As with the observation platforms, it would have been good if the Shot Tower could have been preserved as part of the Southbank’s history.

Festival H10

Also on the negatives were some photos of the following structure:

Festival H5

This was at the far eastern end of the Festival Hall site (Waterloo Bridge can just be seen at the lower right). The numbers on the central arch are the years 1851 and 1951.

1851 was the year of the Great Exhibition held in the “Crystal Palace” in Hyde Park. This structure looks to be a very rough approximation of the original Crystal Palace building. Both exhibitions had a very similar theme to demonstrate the country’s strength in industry and science.

I have featured this area of the Southbank in a number of posts to highlight different periods in the development of the site. I have brought the photos taken by my father and myself together in the following sequence to show how the site has changed from 1947 to 2015.

Starting in 1947, and the site still retains the original buildings with the Shot Tower on the left and Lion Brewery building to the right:

Festival 4

Construction starts. This is a panorama of several of my father’s photos to show the whole of the building site that would become the Royal Festival Hall:

Panorama

Construction is now well underway with cranes and scaffolding surrounding the building (compare this with the 1947 photo):

Festival 1

And repeating the photo from this week’s post, the completed Royal Festival Hall just after the Exhibition:

Festival H4

Now fast forward 30 years to the early 1980s and this is one of my photos of the Royal Festival Hall. Still no trees and the hall is an impressive site from the north bank of the Thames:

Festival H11

Summer 2014 and even from the height of the walkway along the side of Hungerford Bridge, the hall is hiding behind the trees:

trees

The guidebook to the Festival in the section on the Royal Festival Hall explains that it is a work of art in itself  and “the superb dramatic effects of space and vista, within the building and beyond it to the river and the city“. With the way that London is growing, the opportunity to appreciate space and vista at ground level is diminishing. It would be good if the area in front of the Royal Festival Hall could be opened up again to meet the original intentions of the architects.

You may also be interested in my other articles on this area:

The South Bank – Before the Festival of Britain and the Royal Festival Hall

The Royal Festival Hall – Before, During And After Construction

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11 thoughts on “The Royal Festival Hall – Dramatic Effects Of Space And Vista

    1. admin Post author

      Graeme, thanks for the link to the photo on Flickr, really good. Still shows the Shot Tower and observation platforms and the walkway along the bridge, and in colour. Fantastic.

      Reply
  1. Anne Guy

    Thanks for a great post… brilliant photos of yours and your fathers as usual. The festival and the site is fascinating and is favourite subject of mine. It is amazing how little it’s changed apart from the trees that is!

    Reply
    1. admin Post author

      It is a fascinating site. Perhaps I was too strong about the trees, but they do seem to obstruct what should be a superb view along to the city, and seem to separate the Festival Hall from the river. The building was meant to be seen from the river and the north bank.

      Reply
    1. Andrew

      Answering my own question, I think the lampposts were added for the Silver Jubilee in 1977 – they are already there in your 1980s photo. The trees are an even more recent addition.

      Reply
      1. admin Post author

        I believe you are right above the lampposts and 1977. I think it was also around the same time that the southbank walkway was extended past the IBM building and the TV studios.

        Reply
  2. David Holmes

    Not many friends believe me when I tell them that there was a Shot Tower on the South Bank where the Queen Elizabeth Hall and Purcell Room now stand, so it’s gratifying to see photographic evidence that it was real, and not in my imagination. My parents and I lived just off Trafalgar Square in Cockspur Street, in a mews flat (which no longer exists), and my Mum used to take me for walks to the Embankment, to listen to the brass band that played there regularly, and sometimes across the Hungerford Bridge. I seem to remember that there was a children’s play area there with a sand pit, right in the shadow of the Shot Tower.

    Reply
  3. Chris Harry

    Came across this when searching for pictures of the viewing platforms, the one posted is the best I have seen.
    To comment on another matter in this, the dish on the shot tower was not able to be used for the intended purpose of sending a signal to be reflected off the moon mentioned in the guide. The necessary equipment could not be procured. See this Q & A in the Commons:
    http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1951/apr/17/south-bank-exhibition-radio-telescope#S5CV0486P0_19510417_CWA_86

    Reply
  4. Labourer

    I have a feeling that the changes to the Festival Hall’s front facade between the 1950s and later were because the hall wasn’t fully completed when it opened for the Festival of Britain (perhaps the result of building material shortages), so some of the exterior was temporary cladding that was removed once the original design could be executed. Alas I can’t remember where I read this, so can’t substantiate it, but perhaps another reader might be able to confirm if it’s the case or not?

    The trees issue is a conundrum. The original architects’ drawings for the National Theatre (opened, late, in 1976) showed trees all along its frontage, which were planted as saplings and took time to come to maturity. In principle, I’d say we need as many trees in public spaces as possible, especially in areas with hard surfaces and concrete such as the South Bank, though you make a good point about the impact on the architectural presence of a prestige building such as the RFH.

    Given the sculptural quality of Denys Lasdun’s NT design, one might have expected him also to want his building to be seen unobstructed from the opposite bank of the river, but clearly trees were mandated from the start. I wonder if this was a condition imposed by the GLC; if so, they may also have required new planting along the RFH frontage to match, perhaps as one of the many schemes to unify and co-ordinate the whole South Bank arts complex (eg the NT’s external walkways, not part of Lasdun’s original design, were added at GLC request so that this building could join up seamlessly with the Hayward, QEH and RFH walkways on the other side of Waterloo Bridge).

    Reply
  5. Paul Bird

    There is an intriguing wall present in the photograph Festival-H4 apparently supporting the terrace that disappeared at some point when the lower level cafeteria was constructed that does not appear in your photograph Festival-H11.

    I think the wall with the slots in the top was later removed revealing the columns behind it. Festival-H4 shows existing columns along the side. It seems likely there were similar along the front.

    Reply

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